Galvanic cell.



S. .WARD, Jn.

GALVANIC CELL.

APPLICANON FILED sEPT.30,;9x1.

atente July 13,

Y TA/ue W50@ ik. E14/1911.3,

Applicativi fried j To (1N iff/7mm Be it kno :i eitixen if El? 'nn/1i: concern v natif., Smrrnifii. T E, r e inited vStates., rf the borougi of lianhattan` ity York. n the eoun ot New York ot New `York, have invented oer and r Eul improvements in (ialva o'l' which the toliowing is a reterenee being' had therein to the panyinfaj lracvinas forming part thi liy inrentiou relates to galranie e particular cells.

@ne ot e of n 'y prodiu-e a suitable tor si ini i i signaling i u :isauee wherein a sirable uother ol erease the et cells by so ro; elude the possili tween disintegrated or Conn ot opposite electrodes wliieu cell and shortens life.

llt-her objects ot' iny invention are sirnplioity and economy it oonstru maintenance, and durability and r ot' operation.

Still other objects and advantzw invention will appear roin the description.

ln the preferred torni ot niy inVentronj the containing jar is eoinposerl ot lect-roiieg'atire material and is coated with an insulating inaterial on its entire sur- 'faee with the exception ot' one portion which serres as the negative eleotrorle, and a partition is disposed between this eiposed portioA nd tl -ff positive eleetrod More speeilicaily. this( exposed portion ner face of the jar is Covered with depolarixer, such. as copper oxid. w speciioally` the electrolyte is ot ion ance.

Mv invention also includes various other features. as will appear from the ollown description.

l shall now describe the embodiments of my invention illustrated in the aooonipanying drawings and shall thereafter point out my invention in claims.

Figure l tical sectional 3 of, a cell f my intenti(-1 showing a no hiP is a similar vieu of 5i l eis-sionisme, To

OREURATON OF .-l is a wie similar to snowing another modified construegalranio cells are l frequently shunted and the cells are practically short cireuiterl. iinong such uses are railway signaling syst-eins in which the track batteries are stortcirouited by the wheels and axles train passing over the track at the which the batter' s are Connected',

` needlessly embodying my v by render- 'arions uses to which ine external circuit is e i res up.

obiizite this of keeping heat gen- 3 re li by interanoe externally of eeifio embodiment of my invenis illustrated in Fig. l, the Conar l composed of electro-negative material, preferably heavy pressed steel, which is provided with a central transverse partition 2, preferably integral with the sides and bottoni of the jar, and of a height somewhat less than that of the jar. This partition serves to divide the jar preferably nto two substantially equal onipart-ments, and eonnnunioation between the two is Confined to a path over the top of the partition rEhe entire surface of the jar, both inside and outside, is glazed or coated with an insulating compound 3, such as enamel, with the exception ot' the bottoni orn thecoinpartnient at the left of the partition 2. This exposed bottoni, therefore, serves as a negative electrode and a lnass of depolarizing material i as Copper oi;id,is spread over this d bot-torn. This compartment l, "'eloie, terni the negative electrode com- 'inent, while in the other compartment, eh l terni the posit-ive elect-rode Compartsuspended a suitable. positive elecpreferably zinc, which is supporte down toward the bottom of the coinpartinent, upon radially extending arms 6 which rest upon suit ble projections on the inneA face of the compartment. The elec trolvte 7 is preierabiy low resistance elec- "te, composed of an alkaline hydrate,

5 the end A oit h assodiom hvdrate or lticinesi hvdate, sufhcientaniount offelec'troivtc 2.- i suitable binding pos is eniplej'fed,innover the top of the partition breiten a i tal zenne and the jar, it suitable. provided for hejer,l l The current iscoi-riducte from the eziposed po 'r y' i )rough the Wallsr of thejL and the binding post l0, Aand thence through. the outside circuit bach' to 'the-binding poste. lt Avqill benoted. that" the path or", the current in the cell is necessarily over the top of the partition 2 and by vreason of th circuitous path the internal re'- sistance in the cell is rez'idered high ivithout an);r of the accoini'ianying disadvantages of a El resistance electrolyte. it vis manil this internal resistance can be vaie use oit 'e or' less electrolyte,

fle; of the electrolyte top of the pr lition antL in this wav varying' the cross-sectie ot the elec-r trolyte through which the current niustpass et the restricted communication provided "between the' tivo communicating chambers Y oit the jar.

It will also be noted that with this construe ion any particles ot the .Zinc electrode, which may heeonie disintegrated, fall hy gravity to the bottom oi the positive electrode compartment', and cannot reich vthe negative electrode and needless y use up the cell, would be the result, for instance, if the posiive eleci` ode were disposed directlv above the negative electrode. ln if wai; t coumiunication between the two electrodes is preveuti l, and intimate contact between distinte rated particles or the -elect-rodesis previ-urteil It will he manne that. the jar illustrated in Fig". l is oit' a highly advantageous coustruction, in that it serves as one of the elec- 0r aglass and the gral therewith. f the top of the 3er,

trodes, and being' very strong can, 'undergo the' rough treatment to which batteryY iars Ain railway signaling service are subjected,

andA will stand all .bottoni el v trefle 5v is supported from electrod electrode 'sistanoe, although, if

the restricted Lie-esso vided hy an opening l5 somewhat above the t `the partition.-

The positive eleclhe top of the jarinthe top the electrolyte 7, and a 'negative 116 is supportedA in the opposite 70 compartment in' the top of thefelectrolyte, and hence direct .communication between the tivo ntrochfsis prevcntedsiuee the current "f te the circuitous path through the opening v ,I 15 tegrated particles of the .positive o tall bygravity to the bottoni of the positive electrode compartment, land since the opening 15 is'disposed some distance above'the bottoni of the jar, thedisinvso teg/grated particles are pieventeflfr0m get-v jting in, the negative electrode compartment and acting dhectlj.7 upon the negativeelectrede and thus needlessli7 usingup the cell. lt ivilll'he aplmrent that in the-construction shown in Fig. 1, since the internal resistance is dependent upon the cross-section of electrolyte above Athe partition 2, evaporiz ation may tend to increase the internal rel thccell yis properly sealed, evaporlzationvinay'be made negligible.

.lt -vsill also he apparent that inrFig. 2, ysince communication between the tivo con'ipartinents is well below the top ofl the electrolyte, the internalzresistance ot this v cell is not affected by evaporization. ln- I F 4l have shown a construction which combines, the advantages of the tivo constructions, and which includes the full length oi the walls inthe internal circuit. '100 In this construction, the ivalls are of an electro-inigati ve material coated with an insulating compound, as,flesc1'ibed in reference to Fig. l. .lnsteadof the partition Q, however,

a partition l? is en'iployed, which extends tov 105 the top of the jai, and is provided with an: opening' l5 sienilai.' to the construction shown in l `igs- 2 and 3. The :zinc electrode 5 is supported at the top et the positive electrode compartment, and to form the nega,- tive electrode the insulating compound is removed from a portion of the inner face of the negative electrode comiiartineut near the thereof, and the two electrodes are submerged in the electrolyte 7. To renin,

i the depolarizing compound 4 in Contact with the negative electrode, a 'pocketlSiof/insulating material is formed in front of the negative electrode, and the depolarizinginaterial is placed in this pocket.y It is apparent that the current flows through'the electrolyte` in the c.`rcuitous path between the tive electrodes through the opening l5, as doscribed'in reference to F 2, and the lip AIl isattached to the outer wall of the negative electrode 1 compartment, thereby causingvv the current to traverse the full length of the'metallic Walls of the jar from the positive electrode to the lip l1 and binding posty l0. This jar, therefore, is not 13o le and` scope ci my Vlvanie cell comprising a suitable t a containing jar ot electro-negaiai havin i portion o the inner -pos o and the rest of the inner tace insiimtfWV t: ilyte, a positive electrode si electrolyte, and. an impei rione wall ing from the inner tace o the jar into the electrolyte arranged to prevent ireet comication the positive electrode ie exposed tace ot the jar.

. Si galvanic cell iiprising a suitable fi g ,ar of electro-negaportion of the inner thereoc and the rest of the inner face ins-lated from the eiectrolyte, a positive electrode suit bly supported in the electiolyt ,an impervious wall projecting from the in* fi the into the eleotive mat tiolyte ary vent direct cominu nic-ation l l e osi ve electrode and the exposed face of the jar, and suitable depolarizer on the exposed portion of the A, Qi the gar.

T:anic cell comprising a suitable containing jar electro-negay i fi'tioii of' its inner exposeri and o its ini i ila 3d from the ele u te, a posieiectrode supported iii over the insulate.. portion of tue the jar, and an insiilat' from the bottom of the portions of the bottom oi the jar.

ai.. A galvanic cell comprising a suitable electrolyte, a containing jar of electro-negati material having a portion of its inner bottoni tace exposed and the rest of its inside insulated from the electrolyte, a mass depolarizing material spread on the e2;- po i b" ttom, a positive electrode supported iithe electrolyte overvthe insulated pon tion of the bottom of the jar, and a wall projecting from the bottom of the jar into the electrolyte and separating the insulated and exposed portions of the bottom of the gar.

galvanic cell comprising a suitable lytc, a containing o electronegag wail extend- 'lie electrolyte, f dividing w ll l the rest of the inside of l l J g insu ated troni the electrolyte, a mass T suitable copper co Y vound spread e, opposi side of e d iding n ali.

galvanic cell compri n elect-roet a liydroxid oi' an alkali, a containing lfeel having a partition therein ex- A from the bottom int-o the electfol) te and forming tivo compartments, the bottom et the one compartment being exttom, and a ie electrolyte posed and ne rest of the, inside ot the jar being coated with insulating material, a mass of copper oXid disposed on the eX- posed bottom of the one compartment, a Zinc electrode suitably Supported in the other eompartment, and suitable binding iov.' of current therethrough, and a liqelectrolyte in said extending above the partition and providing a restricted communicating crosesectional area between the two compartments.

i galvanic cell comprising a suitable electrolyte a contain,` f of electro-negative material having z of its inner poseoL to and tiie rest of the inner A:insulated from the electrolyte, a posi- Fie electrode snit-ably supported in the elecrolyte, an impervious Wall projecting up rom the bottom of the jai' into the electroyte between the positive electrode and er ative electrode, so as to prevent d t @rat-ed particles of the positive electrode 'r in 'traveling to the negative electrode.

testimony whereo have afiXed my signature in presence o' two witnesses.

Sriii/UEL M. VARD, Jn. 

